MBE Rules · Wills, Trusts & Estates
Co-Trustees
Cal. Prob. Code § 15620
The rule
Unless the instrument provides otherwise, co-trustees must act unanimously; each must participate and prevent co-trustee breaches, and delegation among co-trustees of core functions is restricted.
In plain English
Co-trustees are individuals appointed to manage a trust together. Unless the trust document states otherwise, they must make decisions together and cannot delegate important responsibilities to one another.
Worked example
Alice and Bob are co-trustees of a trust for their mutual friend Charlie. They decide to sell a piece of property held in the trust, but Bob wants to do it without Alice's consent. Because the trust document does not allow for unilateral action, the sale cannot proceed without both co-trustees agreeing. Therefore, the sale is invalid.
Memory hook
Co-trustees: two heads must think as one!
The trap
Exams may present scenarios where one co-trustee acts alone, leading students to mistakenly believe that such actions are permissible without considering the requirement for unanimity.
How examiners test it
Questions often involve fact patterns where co-trustees disagree on a decision, testing the candidate's understanding of the need for unanimous action.
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More Wills, Trusts & Estates rules
- Trustee Removal · Cal. Prob. Code § 15642
- Formal Will Requirements · Cal. Prob. Code § 6110
- Spendthrift Exceptions · Cal. Prob. Code §§ 15305-15307
- Ademption of Specific Devises · In re Estate of Newsome (1967) 248 Cal.App.2d 712
- Intestate Succession · Cal. Prob. Code §§ 6400-6414
- Trust Creation Requirements · Cal. Prob. Code § 15200