MBE Rules · Contracts

Assignment of rights

Restatement §317; UCC §2-210

The rule

An obligee may assign contract rights to a third party (assignee), who then stands in the assignor's shoes and may enforce the right directly against the obligor. Assignment is invalid if it would materially change the obligor's duty, materially increase risk or burden, or materially impair the obligor's chance of return performance. Contract clauses prohibiting assignment generally bar only the delegation of duties or give the obligor a damages claim — they do not void the assignment of the right to receive payment.

In plain English

An assignment transfers an existing contract right (typically the right to be paid) to someone else. The assignee can sue the obligor directly. Between successive assignees for value, the first in time generally prevails, though gratuitous assignments are revocable.

Memory hook

Assign RIGHTS, delegate DUTIES.

The trap

Anti-assignment clauses look ironclad but are strictly construed — courts often read them as barring delegation only, especially for the right to receive money (which is freely assignable under UCC §2-210(2) and §9-406).

How examiners test it

Obligee assigns right to payment; obligor refuses to pay assignee, citing an anti-assignment clause. Analyze whether the clause bars assignment of the right or only delegation of duty.

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