Free reference
Every MBE rule, explained.
The 1000 rules the MBE actually tests — the exact taxonomy Vrenberg tracks your mastery against. Each one in plain English, with the memory hook, the common trap, and how examiners test it. Free, no account.
Civil Procedure · 86 rules
- Jury Selection Challenges28 U.S.C. §1870
- Special Damages PleadingFRCP 9(g)
- Class-Certification AppealsFRCP 23(f)
- Rooker-FeldmanRooker-Feldman doctrine
- Substitution of PartiesFRCP 25
- Statutory Interpleader DetailsStatutory interpleader details
- Determining Foreign LawFRCP 44.1
- Costs of Refiled ActionsFRCP 41(d)
- Internet and Effects JurisdictionZippo / Calder effects test
- Electronically Stored InformationFRCP 26/34 — ESI
- Writ of Mandamus28 U.S.C. §1651 (mandamus)
- Anti-Injunction Act28 U.S.C. §2283
- Appellate standards of review
- Rule 41 — voluntary & involuntary dismissalFRCP 41
- Collateral order doctrineCohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan
- Discovery — depositionsFRCP 30, 31
- Discovery — interrogatoriesFRCP 33
- Discovery — requests for productionFRCP 34
- Rule 55 — default & default judgmentFRCP 55
- Rule 6 — time computationFRCP 6
- Rule 60(b) — relief from judgmentFRCP 60(b)
- Interpleader — Rule 22 vs statutoryFRCP 22 / 28 U.S.C. §1335
- Rule 14 — impleader (third-party practice)FRCP 14
- Rule 16 — scheduling & pretrial ordersFRCP 16
- Rule 24 — interventionFRCP 24
- Rule 26(a)(2) — expert disclosuresFRCP 26(a)(2)
- Rule 26(c) — protective ordersFRCP 26(c)
- Rule 37 — discovery sanctionsFRCP 37
- Rule 4 — service of processFRCP 4
- Rule 4(d) — waiver of serviceFRCP 4(d)
- Rule 65 — TROs & preliminary injunctionsFRCP 65
- Joinder of ClaimsFRCP 18
- Special Verdicts and InterrogatoriesFRCP 49
- Aggregation of ClaimsAmount in controversy — aggregation
- Amendment of PleadingsFRCP 15(a)
- Consolidation and Separate TrialsFRCP 42
- Real Party in InterestFRCP 17
- Offer of JudgmentFRCP 68
- Reexamination Clause7th Amend. — Reexamination Clause
- National-Contacts JurisdictionFifth Amendment national contacts
- Remittitur and AdditurRemittitur/additur (7th Amend.)
- Jury DemandFRCP 38
- Interlocutory Appeals28 U.S.C. §1292
- Physical and Mental ExaminationsFRCP 35
- Class Action Fairness Act28 U.S.C. §1332(d) (CAFA)
- SubpoenasFRCP 45
- Supplemental Jurisdiction — Plaintiff Limits28 U.S.C. §1367(b)
- Hanna FrameworkHanna v. Plumer
- New TrialFRCP 59
- Remand28 U.S.C. §1447
- Constitutional NoticeMullane v. Central Hanover
- Initial DisclosuresFRCP 26(a)(1)
- Interstate Preclusion28 U.S.C. §1738 (judgments)
- Forum Non ConveniensPiper Aircraft v. Reyno
- Territorial Reach of Federal CourtsFRCP 4(k)
- Waiver of Rule 12 DefensesFRCP 12(g)-(h)
- General personal jurisdictionGoodyear / Daimler
- Specific personal jurisdiction — minimum contactsInternational Shoe
- Stream of commerceAsahi / J. McIntyre
- Tag jurisdictionBurnham
- Consent / waiver of personal jurisdiction
- Federal question jurisdiction28 U.S.C. §1331
- Diversity — complete diversity28 U.S.C. §1332
- Diversity — amount in controversy28 U.S.C. §1332(a)
- Supplemental jurisdiction28 U.S.C. §1367
- Removal28 U.S.C. §§1441, 1446
- Venue (§1391)28 U.S.C. §1391
- Transfer of venue28 U.S.C. §§1404, 1406
- Erie doctrineErie
- Rule 8 — notice pleadingFRCP 8(a)
- Rule 9(b) — particularity for fraud / mistakeFRCP 9(b)
- Rule 11 sanctionsFRCP 11
- Rule 12 motions to dismissFRCP 12(b)
- Rule 15 — amendments & relation backFRCP 15(c)
- Permissive joinder of partiesFRCP 20
- Required (necessary & indispensable) partiesFRCP 19
- Counterclaims — compulsory vs permissiveFRCP 13
- Class actions — Rule 23FRCP 23
- Discovery scope — relevance & proportionalityFRCP 26(b)(1)
- Work product doctrineFRCP 26(b)(3)
- 12(b)(6) — failure to state a claimFRCP 12(b)(6)
- Summary judgmentFRCP 56
- JMOL and renewed JMOLFRCP 50
- 7th Amendment jury right7th Amendment
- Final judgment rule28 U.S.C. §1291
- Res judicata (claim preclusion)
Constitutional Law · 97 rules
- Economic Substantive Due ProcessWilliamson v. Lee Optical
- Parental RightsTroxel v. Granville
- Right to Refuse TreatmentCruzan
- Durational Residency RequirementsDurational residency (Shapiro/Saenz)
- Education and WealthSan Antonio v. Rodriguez
- RFRA and RLUIPARFRA / RLUIPA
- ObscenityMiller v. California
- Stigma-PlusPaul v. Davis
- True ThreatsCounterman v. Colorado
- Anonymous SpeechMcIntyre v. Ohio
- Non-Suspect ClassificationsCleburne / Murgia
- Major Questions DoctrineWest Virginia v. EPA
- Medium-Specific ScrutinyRed Lion / Reno
- Secondary EffectsRenton v. Playtime Theatres
- Ballot Access and Election RulesAnderson/Burdick
- Timing of Due Process HearingsGoldberg / Mathews applications
- ImpeachmentArt. I §§2–3, Art. II §4
- 1A — Overbreadth doctrine
- 1A — Prior restraintNear v. Minnesota / NY Times v. US
- 1A — Time/place/manner regulation
- Abstention — Younger & PullmanYounger v. Harris / R.R. Comm'n v. Pullman
- Congressional Taxing PowerArt. I §8 cl. 1 / NFIB v. Sebelius
- Contract ClauseArt. I §10 cl. 1
- Foreign affairs powerArt. II / Curtiss-Wright / Zivotofsky
- Full Faith & Credit ClauseArt. IV §1
- Necessary & Proper ClauseArt. I §8 cl. 18 / McCulloch v. Maryland
- No advisory opinionsArt. III case-or-controversy
- Non-delegation doctrineArt. I §1 / J.W. Hampton
- Privileges & Immunities Clause (Art. IV)Art. IV §2 cl. 1
- Privileges or Immunities Clause (14A)14th Amendment §1 / Slaughter-House Cases / Saenz v. Roe
- State action — entanglementShelley v. Kraemer / Burton v. Wilmington Parking
- State action — public functionMarsh v. Alabama / Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison
- Third-party standing
- Treaty PowerArt. II §2 cl. 2
- Vagueness doctrine
- Presidential ImmunityNixon v. Fitzgerald / Trump v. Vance
- Legislative VetoINS v. Chadha
- Bills of Attainder and Ex Post FactoArt. I §§9-10 — attainder/ex post facto
- Campaign FinanceBuckley / Citizens United
- Partisan GerrymanderingRucho v. Common Cause
- Ministerial ExceptionHosanna-Tabor / Our Lady
- Free Exercise — ComparabilityTandon / Fulton
- Interstate CompactsCompact Clause
- Twenty-First Amendment21st Amendment
- Recess AppointmentsNLRB v. Noel Canning
- Qualified ImmunityQualified immunity
- Constitutional Tort Actions42 U.S.C. §1983 / Bivens
- Appointments ClauseArt. II §2; Buckley/Lucia
- Pardon PowerArt. II §2 cl. 1
- Second AmendmentHeller / Bruen
- Executive PrivilegeUnited States v. Nixon
- Presidential Removal PowerMyers/Humphrey's/Seila Law
- Compelled SpeechBarnette / Wooley / 303 Creative
- War and Defense PowersArt. I §8; Art. II §2 (war powers)
- Freedom of AssociationNAACP v. Alabama / Roberts
- Incorporation Doctrine14th Amend. — incorporation (McDonald/Timbs)
- Government SpeechWalker / Summum
- Speech or Debate ClauseArt. I §6 — Speech or Debate
- One Person, One VoteReynolds v. Sims
- Student SpeechTinker / Fraser / Mahanoy
- Exactions and Public UseNollan/Dolan; Kelo
- Public Employee SpeechPickering / Garcetti
- IncitementBrandenburg v. Ohio
- Alienage ClassificationsGraham v. Richardson / Sugarman
- Unconstitutional ConditionsUnconstitutional conditions doctrine
- Legitimacy ClassificationsClark v. Jeter
- StandingLujan
- Ripeness
- Mootness
- Political question doctrineBaker v. Carr
- 11th Amendment sovereign immunity11th Amendment
- Commerce Clause — Lopez frameworkLopez / Morrison
- Aggregation in commerce clauseWickard / Raich
- Spending power conditionsSouth Dakota v. Dole
- Anti-commandeering doctrineNY v. US / Printz
- 14A §5 — congruence and proportionalityCity of Boerne
- Dormant Commerce Clause — discriminatory laws
- DCC — Pike balancing for non-discriminatory lawsPike v. Bruce Church
- Market participant exception
- Preemption — express, field, conflict
- State action doctrine
- Substantive due process — fundamental rights
- Procedural DP — protected interestsLoudermill
- Mathews balancing testMathews v. Eldridge
- Equal Protection — strict scrutiny
- Equal Protection — intermediate scrutiny
- Equal Protection — rational basis
- EP — disparate impact requires discriminatory intentWashington v. Davis
- 1A — content-based vs. content-neutral
- 1A — symbolic speech (O'Brien test)O'Brien
- 1A — public forum doctrine
- 1A — unprotected speech categories
- 1A — commercial speechCentral Hudson
- Establishment Clause
- Free Exercise — neutral laws of general applicabilityEmployment Division v. Smith
- Takings — per se physicalLoretto / Cedar Point
- Takings — regulatory (Penn Central)Penn Central
Contracts · 99 rules
- Certainty and Agreements to AgreeCertainty / agreements to agree
- Estoppel Exception to Statute of FraudsPromissory estoppel and the SoF
- Prevention and HindrancePrevention doctrine
- Retraction of RepudiationUCC §2-611 / Restatement §256
- Duration and TerminationUCC §2-309
- Implied ContractsImplied-in-fact vs. implied-in-law
- IllegalityIllegality and public policy
- Express WarrantiesUCC §2-313
- Implied Warranty of MerchantabilityUCC §2-314
- Warranty DisclaimersUCC §2-316
- NovationNovation
- Output and Requirements ContractsUCC §2-306
- Third-Party Rights VestingRestatement §311
- Open Price TermUCC §2-305
- Sale on Approval and Sale or ReturnUCC §2-326
- CISGCISG (awareness)
- No-Oral-Modification ClausesUCC §2-209(2),(4)
- Discharge — accord & satisfactionRestatement §281
- Assignment of rightsRestatement §317; UCC §2-210
- Delegation of dutiesRestatement §318; UCC §2-210
- Third-party beneficiaries — intended vs incidentalRestatement §302
- Account StatedAccount stated
- Risk of LossUCC §2-509, 2-510
- Shipment vs. Destination ContractsUCC — FOB/shipment vs. destination
- Satisfaction ClausesSatisfaction clauses
- Divisible ContractsDivisible contracts
- Seller's Right to CureUCC §2-508
- Seller's RemediesUCC §2-706, 2-708
- Waiver of ConditionsWaiver and estoppel of conditions
- Exculpatory ClausesExculpatory clauses
- Main Purpose RuleMain purpose rule
- AuctionsUCC §2-328
- Installment ContractsUCC §2-612
- Buyer's Damages — Cover and MarketUCC §2-712, 2-713
- Revocation of AcceptanceUCC §2-608
- Adequate Assurance of PerformanceUCC §2-609
- Implied Warranty of FitnessUCC §2-315
- Voidable Title and EntrustmentUCC §2-403
- Predominant Purpose TestGoods vs. services — predominant purpose
- UCC Statute of LimitationsUCC §2-725
- ReformationReformation (contracts)
- Parol evidence rule
- Objective theory of contractsRestatement §17
- Bargain theory of considerationRestatement §71
- Material vs. minor breach
- Mirror image rule (common law)
- Statute of Frauds — land sale
- Express vs. constructive conditions
- Minority (incapacity)
- Statute of Frauds — one-year rule
- Mental incapacity
- Anticipatory repudiation
- Advertisements as offers
- Parol evidence — admissibility exceptions
- Substantial performance (common law)
- Mailbox rule
- Adequacy of consideration
- Statute of Frauds — suretyship
- Expectation damages
- Course of dealing, course of performance, usage of tradeUCC §1-303
- Perfect tender rule (UCC §2-601)UCC §2-601
- Termination of offer — revocation
- Past consideration
- Misrepresentation
- Silence as acceptanceRestatement §69
- Impossibility
- Termination of offer — rejection
- Duress
- Acceptance by performance vs. promise
- Pre-existing duty rule
- Statute of Frauds — marriage & executor
- Reliance damages
- Termination of offer — lapse of time
- Undue influence
- Statute of Frauds — sale of goods $500+UCC §2-201
- Consequential damages — Hadley foreseeabilityHadley v. Baxendale
- Modification — common law
- ImpracticabilityUCC §2-615
- UCC §2-206 (acceptance in sale of goods)UCC §2-206
- Mistake — mutual
- Modification — UCC §2-209 (good faith)UCC §2-209
- Frustration of purpose
- Liquidated damages
- Termination of offer — death or incapacity
- UCC §2-207 — additional terms between merchantsUCC §2-207(2)
- Part performance exception (land)
- Merchant confirmation exceptionUCC §2-201(2)
- Promissory estoppel (§90)Restatement §90
- Specific performance
- UCC §2-207 — different (conflicting) termsUCC §2-207 (different terms)
- Option contractsRestatement §87
- Mistake — unilateral
- Firm offers (UCC §2-205)UCC §2-205
- Quasi-contract / unjust enrichment
- Duty to mitigate
- UnconscionabilityUCC §2-302
- Specially manufactured goods exceptionUCC §2-201(3)(a)
- UCC §2-207 — contract by conductUCC §2-207(3)
- Detrimental reliance making offer irrevocableRestatement §87(2)
Criminal Law · 75 rules
- Year-and-a-Day RuleYear-and-a-day rule
- Deadly Weapon InferenceDeadly weapon inference
- Overt Act RequirementConspiracy — overt act
- Diminished CapacityDiminished capacity/actuality
- Possession OffensesPossession as an act
- Innocent Agent DoctrineInnocent instrumentality
- Death of a Co-FelonDeath of co-felon (Redline)
- Modern BurglaryBurglary — modern expansions
- Status CrimesRobinson / Powell
- Lesser-Included OffensesLesser-included offenses / merger
- Strict-Liability OffensesStrict-liability offenses
- Ignorance and Due Process NoticeLambert v. California
- Kidnapping
- Impossibility — factual vs. legal
- Necessity (choice of evils)
- Provocation — reasonable-person test
- Assault (criminal)
- Battery
- Defense of others
- Defense of property
- Depraved-heart murder
- Extortion (blackmail)
- False imprisonment (criminal)
- First-degree murder — premeditation & deliberation
- Forgery
- Larceny by trick
- Rape / sexual assault
- Receiving stolen property
- Statutory rape
- Uttering a forged instrument
- Voluntary intoxication (specific intent)
- Withdrawal from conspiracy
- Pinkerton LiabilityPinkerton liability
- Wharton's RuleWharton's Rule
- Unilateral ConspiracyMPC — unilateral conspiracy
- Claim of RightClaim of right
- Omission LiabilityOmission as actus reus
- ConcurrenceConcurrence principle
- Theft ConsolidationConsolidated theft statutes
- Assault TheoriesAssault — two theories
- Transferred IntentTransferred intent (criminal)
- Abandonment of AttemptAttempt — abandonment
- Misdemeanor ManslaughterMisdemeanor manslaughter
- EntrapmentEntrapment
- Retreat and Castle DoctrineRetreat rule and castle doctrine
- Imperfect Self-DefenseImperfect self-defense
- InfancyInfancy
- Accessory After the FactAccessory after the fact
- Felony Murder LimitationsFelony murder — limits
- Corporate Criminal LiabilityCorporate and vicarious liability
- Involuntary IntoxicationInvoluntary intoxication
- Solicitation and MergerSolicitation — merger
- Continuing TrespassContinuing trespass
- MPC mens rea — purpose / knowledge / recklessness / negligenceMPC §2.02
- Common-law mens rea — specific vs. general intent
- Causation — actual and proximate
- Murder — common-law degrees
- Felony murder rule
- Voluntary manslaughter — heat of passion
- Involuntary manslaughter
- Larceny
- Embezzlement
- False pretenses
- Robbery
- Burglary
- Arson
- Attempt
- Conspiracy
- Solicitation
- Accomplice liability
- Self-defense
- Insanity — M'NaghtenM'Naghten
- Insanity — other tests
- Duress
- Mistake of fact vs. mistake of law
Criminal Procedure · 75 rules
- Pretextual StopsWhren v. United States
- Franks ChallengesFranks v. Delaware
- Anonymous TipsFlorida v. J.L. / Navarette
- Probation and Parole SearchesSamson / Knights
- Reasonable Mistake of LawHeien v. North Carolina
- Booking Question ExceptionPennsylvania v. Muniz
- Showup IdentificationsShowups and suggestiveness
- DNA CollectionMaryland v. King
- Blood and Breath TestsMcNeely / Birchfield / Mitchell
- Constitutional Harmless ErrorChapman v. California
- Pre-indictment lineup — no 6A rightKirby v. Illinois
- 6A right to counsel — when it attachesRothgery / Kirby
- Administrative / regulatory searchesCamara / Burger
- Automobile exception — PC scope of searchRoss / Acevedo
- Bail — Eighth AmendmentStack v. Boyle / Salerno
- Batson challenges — peremptory strikesBatson v. Kentucky
- Border search exceptionFlores-Montano / Montoya de Hernandez
- Brady — disclosure of exculpatory evidenceBrady v. Maryland / Giglio
- Grand jury — rights and limits5A / Costello / Williams
- Guilty plea — voluntary, knowing, intelligentBoykin v. Alabama / Rule 11
- Massiah — 6A right vs 5A MirandaMassiah / Brewer v. Williams
- Miranda — public safety exceptionNew York v. Quarles
- Photographic identificationUnited States v. Ash / Manson v. Brathwaite
- Plea bargain — enforceabilitySantobello / Mabry
- School search — reasonableness standardT.L.O. / Safford
- Special needs exceptionSkinner / Vernonia / Ferguson
- Terry frisk — limits vs full searchTerry / Dickerson / Long
- Protective SweepMaryland v. Buie
- Open Fields and CurtilageOliver / Dunn (curtilage)
- Exclusionary Rule ExceptionsAttenuation / independent source / inevitable discovery
- Jury Findings at SentencingApprendi / Alleyne
- Warrant ParticularityWarrant particularity
- CheckpointsSitz / Edmond / Lidster
- Juvenile Miranda CustodyJ.D.B. v. North Carolina
- Deadly Force in SeizuresTennessee v. Garner
- Arrests in the HomePayton / Steagald
- Inventory SearchesSouth Dakota v. Opperman
- Exigent CircumstancesBrigham City / Kentucky v. King
- Plain View DoctrineHorton v. California
- Consent SearchesSchneckloth / Randolph / Fernandez
- Double Jeopardy5A — Blockburger / dual sovereignty
- Use and Derivative-Use ImmunityKastigar v. United States
- Standing to SuppressRakas / Byrd
- Cell-Site Location DataCarpenter v. United States
- Sense-Enhancing TechnologyKyllo v. United States
- Dog SniffsCaballes / Rodriguez / Jardines
- Knock and AnnounceHudson v. Michigan
- Comment on SilenceGriffin / Doyle
- Self-RepresentationFaretta v. California
- Jury Size and UnanimityRamos v. Louisiana
- 4A — Reasonable Expectation of PrivacyKatz
- 4A — warrant requirements
- Warrant exception — exigent circumstances
- Warrant exception — search incident to arrestChimel / Gant
- Warrant exception — automobileCarroll
- Warrant exception — plain view
- Warrant exception — consent
- Warrant exception — inventory
- Terry stop and friskTerry v. Ohio
- 4A — arrest
- Miranda warningsMiranda v. Arizona
- Miranda — custodyBerkemer / Mathiason
- Miranda — interrogationInnis
- Miranda — invocation and waiverEdwards / Davis
- Double jeopardy
- 6A right to counsel
- 6A — effective assistance of counselStrickland
- 6A — lineups and identifications
- Confrontation ClauseCrawford
- Speedy trial — 6ABarker v. Wingo
- 6A — jury trial
- Exclusionary rule
- Good faith exceptionLeon
- Fruit of the poisonous treeWong Sun
- 4A standing
Evidence · 95 rules
- Reputation — Family and LandFRE 803(19)-(20)
- Statements of Personal or Family HistoryFRE 804(b)(4)
- Demonstrative EvidenceDemonstrative evidence
- Handwriting IdentificationFRE 901(b)(2)-(3)
- Grounds of UnavailabilityFRE 804(a)
- Governmental PrivilegesGovernment privileges
- Photographs and RecordingsPhotograph authentication
- Hypnotically Refreshed TestimonyHypnotically refreshed testimony
- Reporter's ShieldReporter's shield (state law)
- Opening the DoorCurative admissibility / opening the door
- Rule 403 ApplicationsRule 403 balancing applications
- Judicial AdmissionsJudicial admissions
- StipulationsStipulations (Old Chief)
- Hillmon doctrine — statement of future intentFRE 803(3) — Hillmon
- Adoptive admission (801(d)(2)(B))FRE 801(d)(2)(B)
- Ancient documents hearsay exceptionFRE 803(16)
- Attorney work-product doctrineHickman v. Taylor; FRCP 26(b)(3)
- Bruton rule — co-defendant confessionsBruton v. United States
- Clergy-penitent privilege
- Co-conspirator statement (801(d)(2)(E))FRE 801(d)(2)(E)
- Confrontation Clause — testimonial statementsU.S. Const. amend. VI; Crawford v. Washington
- Judgment of previous conviction (803(22))FRE 803(22)
- Judicial notice of adjudicative factsFRE 201
- Learned treatises exceptionFRE 803(18)
- Marital privileges — testimony vs. confidential communications
- Presumptions — civil vs. criminalFRE 301, 302
- Prior consistent statement (801(d)(1)(B))FRE 801(d)(1)(B)
- Psychotherapist-patient privilegeJaffee v. Redmond
- Reputation concerning character (803(21))FRE 803(21)
- Rule of completenessFRE 106
- Vicarious party-opponent statement (agent/employee)FRE 801(d)(2)(D)
- Witness CompetencyFRE 601-603
- Prior Sexual-Assault ActsFRE 413-415
- Rape ShieldFRE 412
- Absence of RecordsFRE 803(7), (10)
- Prior Statement of IdentificationFRE 801(d)(1)(C)
- Preliminary QuestionsFRE 104
- Dead Man's StatutesDead man's statutes (state law)
- Vital and Ceremonial RecordsFRE 803(9), (12)
- Chain of CustodyChain of custody
- Voice and Phone IdentificationFRE 901(b)(5)-(6)
- Direct vs. Circumstantial RelevanceFRE — offers distinguished
- Completeness and Oral StatementsCompleteness — oral statements
- Forensic Reports and ConfrontationMelendez-Diaz / Bullcoming
- Recollection Doctrines ComparedRecorded recollection vs. refreshing
- Residual ExceptionFRE 807
- Excluding WitnessesFRE 615
- Self-Authenticating ItemsFRE 902
- Limited AdmissibilityFRE 105
- Juror Impeachment of VerdictFRE 606(b)
- Refreshing RecollectionFRE 612
- Mode of Examination — LeadingFRE 611
- Expert Opinion BasisFRE 703
- Ultimate IssueFRE 704
- Hearsay Within HearsayFRE 805
- Spousal Testimonial PrivilegeTrammel v. United States
- Attacking the Hearsay DeclarantFRE 806
- Summaries of Voluminous RecordsFRE 1006
- Market Reports and CompilationsFRE 803(17)
- Marital Communications PrivilegeMarital communications privilege (common law)
- Original Not RequiredFRE 1004
- Judge as WitnessFRE 605
- Authenticating Electronic EvidenceFRE 901(b) — electronic evidence
- Physician-Patient PrivilegePhysician-patient privilege (state statutes)
- Relevance — FRE 401/402FRE 401, 402
- FRE 403 — probative value vs. prejudiceFRE 403
- Subsequent remedial measuresFRE 407
- Compromise offers and negotiationsFRE 408
- Medical payments / plea negotiationsFRE 409, 410
- Liability insuranceFRE 411
- Character — propensity barFRE 404(a)
- Other-act evidence — MIMICFRE 404(b)
- Methods of proving characterFRE 405
- Habit / routine practiceFRE 406
- Hearsay — definitionFRE 801(a)-(c)
- Non-hearsay — prior statements of witnessFRE 801(d)(1)
- Non-hearsay — opposing party statementFRE 801(d)(2)
- Present sense impressionFRE 803(1)
- Excited utteranceFRE 803(2)
- Then-existing mental, emotional, physical conditionFRE 803(3)
- Statement for medical diagnosis/treatmentFRE 803(4)
- Recorded recollectionFRE 803(5)
- Business records exceptionFRE 803(6)
- Public records exceptionFRE 803(8)
- Former testimonyFRE 804(b)(1)
- Dying declarationFRE 804(b)(2)
- Statement against interestFRE 804(b)(3)
- Forfeiture by wrongdoingFRE 804(b)(6)
- Impeachment — character for truthfulnessFRE 608
- Impeachment — prior convictionsFRE 609
- Impeachment — prior inconsistent statementsFRE 613
- Attorney-client privilege
- AuthenticationFRE 901
- Best evidence ruleFRE 1002
- Expert testimony — DaubertFRE 702 / Daubert
Real Property · 81 rules
- Vested Development RightsZoning — vested rights
- AP Tacking and DisabilitiesAdverse possession — tacking and disabilities
- Touch and ConcernTouch and concern (modern)
- Easement ScopeEasement scope and surcharge
- Seller DisclosureSeller disclosure duties
- Landlord Tort LiabilityLandlord tort liability
- Agreed BoundariesAgreed-boundary doctrine
- Party WallsParty walls and common driveways
- Covenant vs. Servitude RemediesServitudes — remedy split
- Easement RelocationEasement relocation
- Modern RAP ReformUSRAP / wait-and-see
- Landlord — duty to deliver possession
- Covenant of quiet enjoyment
- Class gifts — closing and RAP
- Constructive eviction
- Doctrine of merger (estates)
- Doctrine of Worthier Title
- Easement by necessity vs. by implication
- Fair Housing Act — protected classes42 U.S.C. § 3601 et seq.
- Fee tail (historical)
- Fixtures — when chattel becomes realty
- License vs. easement
- Notice — actual, constructive, inquiry
- Profit à prendre
- RAP — savings clauses and reforms
- Restrictive covenant — enforcement and defenses
- Retaliatory eviction
- Rule in Shelley's Case
- Support rights — lateral and subjacent
- Tenant holdover — landlord's election
- Waste — voluntary, permissive, ameliorative
- Water rights — riparian vs. prior appropriation
- Zoning — non-conforming use
- Zoning — variances and special use permits
- PartitionPartition
- Equitable MortgageEquitable mortgage
- Surrender and AbandonmentSurrender and abandonment
- New-Construction WarrantyImplied warranty of quality (new homes)
- Privity RequirementsCovenants — privity details
- Title InsuranceTitle insurance
- Transfer-on-Death DeedsTOD deeds
- Wild DeedsWild deeds
- Deed Covenants of TitleSix covenants of title
- Estoppel by DeedEstoppel by deed
- Options and Rights of First RefusalOptions, ROFRs, and RAP
- Installment Land ContractsInstallment land contracts
- Common Scheme DoctrineImplied reciprocal servitude
- Restraints on AlienationRestraints on alienation
- Co-Tenant Possession and AccountingCo-tenant rights and ouster
- Purchase-Money Mortgage PriorityPurchase-money mortgage priority
- Deed DescriptionsDeed descriptions and reformation
- Severance of Joint TenancyJoint tenancy — severance
- Destruction of PremisesDestruction of leased premises
- Self-Help EvictionSelf-help eviction ban
- Fee simple absolute
- Defeasible fees
- Life estate
- Future interests in grantor
- Remainders — vested vs contingent
- Rule Against Perpetuities
- Joint tenancy — four unities
- Tenancy in common
- Tenancy by the entirety
- Tenancy types
- Implied warranty of habitability
- Assignment vs. sublease
- Easement creation — PING
- Easement termination
- Real covenants — running with the land
- Equitable servitudes
- Adverse possession — OCEAN
- Marketable title
- Equitable conversion / risk of loss
- Deed types
- Deed delivery and acceptance
- Recording acts
- Shelter rule
- Mortgage — lien vs title theory
- Mortgage transfer — assumption vs taking subject
- Foreclosure and priority
- Equity of redemption / statutory redemption
Torts · 76 rules
- Component-Part MakersComponent-part doctrine
- Negligent EntrustmentNegligent entrustment
- Res Ipsa — Multiple DefendantsYbarra v. Spangard
- Learned Intermediary DoctrineLearned intermediary
- Unavoidably Unsafe ProductsUnavoidably unsafe products
- Direct-Victim NIEDDirect-victim NIED
- Loss of ChanceLoss of chance
- Fear and Monitoring ClaimsFear of disease / medical monitoring
- Apportionment to NonpartiesApportionment to nonparties
- Social Host LiabilitySocial host liability
- Joint Liability, Contribution, IndemnityJoint & several liability; contribution
- Joint EnterpriseJoint enterprise liability
- Vehicle Owner LiabilityPermissive-use and owner liability
- Successor LiabilitySuccessor liability (products)
- SpoliationSpoliation of evidence
- Firefighter's rule
- Attractive nuisance (child trespasser)Rest. 2d Torts §339
- Dram-shop / tavern-keeper liability
- Intrafamily & charitable immunities
- Landowner duties — invitee, licensee, trespasser
- Loss of consortium
- Negligent hiring, retention & supervision
- NIED — bystander recoveryDillon v. Legg; Thing v. La Chusa
- Products liability — failure to warnRest. 3d Torts: Prod. Liab. §2(c)
- Products liability — manufacturing defectRest. 3d Torts: Prod. Liab. §2(a)
- Public nuisance
- Rescuer doctrine (danger invites rescue)
- Sovereign immunity — FTCA highlights28 U.S.C. §§1346(b), 2671-2680
- Statutory violation — negligence per se vs. evidence of negligence
- Survival action
- Vicarious liability — parent for child
- Wrongful death
- Interference with ContractTortious interference
- NecessityVincent v. Lake Erie
- Superseding CausesIntervening and superseding causes
- Product MisuseProduct misuse
- Primary Assumption of RiskPrimary assumption of risk (Knight)
- Informed ConsentInformed consent (medical)
- Alternative LiabilitySummers v. Tice
- Wrongful Litigation TortsMalicious prosecution / abuse of process
- Duty to Control Third PersonsTarasoff — duty to control
- Market-Share LiabilitySindell — market share
- ConsentConsent (torts)
- Shopkeeper's PrivilegeShopkeeper's privilege
- Recapture of ChattelsDefense and recapture of property
- Negligent MisrepresentationNegligent misrepresentation
- Defamation Privileges and MaliceDefamation — privileges & 1A
- Prenatal HarmsPrenatal torts
- Battery
- Assault
- False imprisonment
- IIED
- Trespass to land
- Trespass to chattels vs. conversion
- Transferred intent
- Duty — general standard
- Special duty standards
- Affirmative duty to act
- Negligence per se
- Res ipsa loquitur
- Actual cause (cause-in-fact)
- Proximate cause
- NIED
- Eggshell skull plaintiff
- Strict liability — abnormally dangerous activities
- Strict liability — animals
- Products liability — strict liability
- Products liability — design defect
- Private nuisance
- Defamation
- Privacy torts
- Intentional misrepresentation (fraud)
- Contributory vs. comparative negligence
- Assumption of risk
- Respondeat superior
- Independent contractor — non-delegable duties
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