MBE Rules · Civil Procedure

Consent / waiver of personal jurisdiction

The rule

PJ may be obtained by consent: (1) express (forum-selection clause, appearance), (2) implied (filing suit subjects plaintiff to counterclaim PJ), or (3) waiver by failure to raise the defense in the first Rule 12 motion or responsive pleading.

In plain English

A court can have power over you if you agree to it, act in a way that implies it, or don't object in time.

Worked example

The defendant didn't object to jurisdiction in their first response to the lawsuit, so they can't challenge it later.

Memory hook

Consent conquers court control! PJ through express, implied, or waiver. If you snooze (don't raise PJ), you lose.

The trap

Students think: PJ can never be waived. Wrong, because failing to raise PJ in the first Rule 12 motion waives it. The actual test is timely objection.

How examiners test it

The MBE loves: defendant appears in court but doesn't object to PJ in first response. Trap: students miss waiver of PJ by omission.

Drill this rule until it can't fail you.

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